10-15 minutes with a buffing wheel and red rough ,no patina left and looks like it just came off the show room floor.
Without a maker's mark it's impossible to date a specific time period.Probably made sometime in the last 50 years or so.
Someone had too many beers before going to work and stamping the piece.
Tuareg Cross
Looks like plated base metal with the plating wearing off.
Found this vid on an engraving forum,12 minutes long.Using a resist,applying pattern,acid etching and a little 24K gold Zogan inlay. Process used...
Looks like the design on both sides was die stamped.
Looks a little like a map/chart roller. How long is it?
Gold filled ,the black is lead solder and there was probably something there that fell off.
Impossible to tell from a photo,could be any of the 20 or so minerals the Chinese call jade but are not jade.
The back of the horse appears to have capillary lines(bone).
Agate with a chip,probably dropped onto a hard surface.
Post it in the pottery section,read this for posting photos... https://www.antiquers.com/threads/posting-a-thread-and-uploading-pictures.15990/
Band saws have been in use since the 1860's,but doubt the bowl is that old.
Epoxy resins
crushed stone/chip inlay
Crab? it's a scarab.
Found this Facebook page on another forum. Animals,insects,cameos and jewelry of all types made for royalty,wealthy people,etc. Some of the pieces...
Someone called it a genuine emerald and green topaz? The "emerald is probably beryl,but doesn't appear to be green and probably not contain...
It has patina when you apply it to a piece. JAX or liver of sulfur work well.... https://jaxchemical.com/shop/jax-silver-blackener/
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