The gold part is most likely filled with "pitch" and it would be hard to estimate without knowing the metal thickness.The hole would be for a...
Elvira doll?
It is not malachite,may be aventurine.
Interesting since tons of amethyst is heat treated yearly,where else would citrine,prasolite and the dark Siberian amethyst come from?
Most likely heat treated............. https://www.minerals.net/gemstone/amethyst_gemstone.aspx
It's called "casting porosity" and occurs in precious metals also.
I believe it's Maori and not a monkey. It may also have been carved in China,they have been making Maori type carvings for some time.
Looks like a J
Synthetic ruby Jupiter in Sagittarius
The name was signed with a carbide stylus,put a mirror in front of the plate and you may be able to read the "words".
The OP's piece is missing the lens part for the glass slides,it has the tray on the bottom for photographs,picture postcards,etc.
https://www.luikerwaal.com/newframe_uk.htm?/merk_bausch1_uk.htm
Looks Irish with the harp and clover,the casting is not great with visible porosity though.
The Chinese are still making and selling that fish hook type clasp with many different designs.Older beads can be obtained at a number of beads...
They are feather beads of unknown origin.
Check the frame with a magnet to see if it's magnetic.A very close up of the circle bottom center and either right or left bottom corner would help.
Most likely the mark of the findings company that made the gold pieces and not the earrings.
Looks like the top flips open............... it's a table snuff mull.
41st Division.....Oregon,Idaho,Washington,Wyoming http://www.oldmagazinearticles.com/World_War_One_41st_Division_during_WW1_NW_National_Guard
Photograph the 5 untumbled stones on a white background and a good close up of the stone with red,they are probably Oregon sunstone a feldspar.
Separate names with a comma.