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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;Any Jewelry, post: 1582204, member: 2844&quot;]Thank you for posting the Duchy of Limburg link, that confirms it, complicated history, not German. The history of the Low Countries is difficult to understand, terms and alliances can be misunderstood very easily.</p><p><br /></p><p>Regarding the 18th century, the period Drs Galliard mentioned, the relevant part in the link is this:</p><p><br /></p><p>&quot;After the abdication of Emperor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" rel="nofollow">Charles V</a> in 1556, the Burgundian fiefs passed to his son King <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" rel="nofollow">Philip II of Spain</a>. The measures of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Troubles" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Troubles" rel="nofollow">Council of Troubles</a> implemented by Philip&#039;s stern governor, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_%C3%81lvarez_de_Toledo,_3rd_Duke_of_Alba" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_%C3%81lvarez_de_Toledo,_3rd_Duke_of_Alba" rel="nofollow">the Duke of Alba</a>, sparked the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" rel="nofollow">Eighty Years&#039; War</a>, ended by the 1648 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" rel="nofollow">Peace of Westphalia</a>. An area known as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generality_Lands" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generality_Lands" rel="nofollow">Limburg of the States</a>, consisting of parts of Overmaas (but no part of the Duchy of Limburg itself), was ceded to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Republic" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Republic" rel="nofollow">Dutch Republic</a>. In 1661, the Dutch and the Spanish agreed on a re-partition of the county of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalhem" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalhem" rel="nofollow">Dalhem</a>. The duchy of Limburg itself remained undivided under Spanish Habsburg rule as part of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Netherlands" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Netherlands" rel="nofollow">Southern Netherlands</a>, passing to the Austrian Habsburgs under the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Utrecht" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Utrecht" rel="nofollow">Treaty of Utrecht</a> in 1713.</p><p>When the region was occupied by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_First_Republic" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_First_Republic" rel="nofollow">French</a> in 1794,....&quot;</p><p><br /></p><p>The Eighty Years&#039; War was between the Low Countries and Habsburg Spain. The Council of Troubles were the start of that war.</p><p><br /></p><p>The second link is interesting, but does not concern the period these jugs were made in.[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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