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<p>[QUOTE="lloyd249, post: 192464, member: 1211"]an electronics/computer museum ,</p><p><br /></p><p>The history of the understanding of semiconductors begins with experiments on the electrical properties of materials. The properties of negative temperature coefficient of resistance, rectification, and light-sensitivity were observed starting in the early 19th century.</p><p><br /></p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Johann_Seebeck" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Johann_Seebeck" rel="nofollow">Thomas Johann Seebeck</a> was the first to notice an effect due to semiconductors, in 1821.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor#cite_note-13" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor#cite_note-13" rel="nofollow">[13]</a> In 1833, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Faraday" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Faraday" rel="nofollow">Michael Faraday</a>reported that the resistance of specimens of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_sulfide" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_sulfide" rel="nofollow">silver sulfide</a> decreases when they are heated. This is contrary to the behavior of metallic substances such as copper. In 1839, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._E._Becquerel" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._E._Becquerel" rel="nofollow">A. E. Becquerel</a> reported observation of a voltage between a solid and a liquid electrolyte when struck by light, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect" rel="nofollow">photovoltaic effect</a>. In 1873 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith" rel="nofollow">Willoughby Smith</a> observed that <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium" rel="nofollow">selenium</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistor" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistor" rel="nofollow">resistors</a>exhibit decreasing resistance when light falls on them. In 1874 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Braun" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Braun" rel="nofollow">Karl Ferdinand Braun</a> observed conduction and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectifier" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectifier" rel="nofollow">rectification</a>in metallic sulphides, although this effect had been discovered much earlier by M.A. Rosenschold writing for the Annalen der Physik und Chemie in 1835,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor#cite_note-14" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor#cite_note-14" rel="nofollow">[14]</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Schuster" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Schuster" rel="nofollow">Arthur Schuster</a> found that a copper oxide layer on wires has rectification properties that ceases when the wires are cleaned. Adams and Day observed the photovoltaic effect in selenium in 1876.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor#cite_note-JTIT10-15" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor#cite_note-JTIT10-15" rel="nofollow">[15]</a>[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="lloyd249, post: 192464, member: 1211"]an electronics/computer museum , The history of the understanding of semiconductors begins with experiments on the electrical properties of materials. The properties of negative temperature coefficient of resistance, rectification, and light-sensitivity were observed starting in the early 19th century. [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Johann_Seebeck']Thomas Johann Seebeck[/URL] was the first to notice an effect due to semiconductors, in 1821.[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor#cite_note-13'][13][/URL] In 1833, [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Faraday']Michael Faraday[/URL]reported that the resistance of specimens of [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_sulfide']silver sulfide[/URL] decreases when they are heated. This is contrary to the behavior of metallic substances such as copper. In 1839, [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._E._Becquerel']A. E. Becquerel[/URL] reported observation of a voltage between a solid and a liquid electrolyte when struck by light, the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect']photovoltaic effect[/URL]. In 1873 [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith']Willoughby Smith[/URL] observed that [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium']selenium[/URL] [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistor']resistors[/URL]exhibit decreasing resistance when light falls on them. In 1874 [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Braun']Karl Ferdinand Braun[/URL] observed conduction and [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectifier']rectification[/URL]in metallic sulphides, although this effect had been discovered much earlier by M.A. Rosenschold writing for the Annalen der Physik und Chemie in 1835,[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor#cite_note-14'][14][/URL] and [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Schuster']Arthur Schuster[/URL] found that a copper oxide layer on wires has rectification properties that ceases when the wires are cleaned. Adams and Day observed the photovoltaic effect in selenium in 1876.[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor#cite_note-JTIT10-15'][15][/URL][/QUOTE]
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